The relationship between entrepreneurial venture financing and the Term Paper

The relationship between entrepreneurial venture financing and the life cycle of a venture - Term Paper Example In the final stages i.e. at the maturity stage the businesses make use of more traditional sources like issue of additional equity or internally generated funds for financing the expansionary programs. Introduction The word ‘life cycle’ in the context of ventures is used in reference to the various stages of its evolution. The initial stages begin with the commencement of the new venture in the form of efforts and intentions of the nascent organization. This stage is accompanied by the procurement of requisite non-financial and financial resources. Here it is important to highlight that finance forms the ‘backbone’ of every venture. Even the most successful business plans may not eventually be carried out in the event of fund shortage. However, the level and form of financing required for each stage of the business is different. In the initial stages when the entrepreneur has just chalked out the plan for the initiation of the venture some amount of funds ar e required for assessing the viability and financial feasibility of the proposed venture. This is a part of the early stage financing required by the business. The fund that puts the business in operational mode is referred to as ‘start up capital’. The next stage of financing is for meeting the development or expansionary needs of the business (Parker, 2006, p.1). Problem Statement- The venture life cycle has an impact on the financing pattern of the business venture. In this paper it will be shown how the financing needs of the business is aligned with the various stages such that the entrepreneur can maximise the value of the business venture. Importance of paper- The paper shows that the various stages of business require varying sources of financing. While in the initial stages it may not be possible for a newly formed business to seek for outside equity or lending. In such instances the entrepreneur of the business has to arrange for funds from internal or known s ources like family or friends. Again after this the business reaches the development and the growth stage. During these stages the business can seek for external sources like equity capital or venture funds. At the same time it can tap the banks and financial institutions for loans and overdraft facilities. At the maturity stage the business may not have to rely on outside sources as the retained earnings generated over the years can be used for financing the future growth and expansionary plans of the business. This paper manly highlights the importance and the use of various avenues of funds at the various business stages. This can give an entrepreneur an idea as to how to meet the funding requirements or which sources to be tapped at each stage of the business. Hypotheses- This paper assumes that the sources of funds to be employed in the various stages of the business also vary as per the strength and longevity of each stage. Methodology The paper is based on the secondary sourc es of data. To highlight the various types of funding requireme

Long period of time Essay Example for Free

Long period of time Essay I was lucky to interview someone from the RTW Garments industry and whose day seems endless from deadlines and fast phased fashion trends to chase. He is Mr. Dave Smith. He graduated in an art school, majored in advertising and decided to pursue Graphics artistry as a career. What do you like/best worst about your job/work? What I really love about this job is the access you get to the latest trends in graphic designs and the fashion shows that only few famous people that works in the industry knows of until it hits the magazine stands sort of a VIP pass. Well, developing new trends is also one of those and also seeing other people buying and appreciating your work would be the most rewarding thing that can happen. Well, the worst would be getting your most loved works be rejected for its not in season, its out of budget or for some insane random reason they have up their sleeves. Office politics sometimes kicks-in too but that’s another thing. What are the steps necessary to break into the field? It was hard at first breaking into the industry when you want to make it big as a fresh graduate. The worst part about it was, the companies taking advantage of your status. I experienced being paid below minimum wage for quite some time, and all that you’re left to do is be patient and gain experience from all of it. But with my goal at an aim on my mind, I’m now in one of the leading brand there is in this industry. The basic would be getting to know what software to use and why. Some of it is Photoshop, Corel, Illustrator and Freehand. Another investment that you must have is a quirky imagination to stand out and create something new. If you don’t have it, you must know the latest trend there is and what sells in the market, have a market survey and what appeals most of your target market. Browsing through magazines and the internet is a must to survive, for it helps you formulate what other possibilities there is in a particular design/look you want to achieve. There’s also the printing aspect of it, which a graphic artist must also be armed with. So that you’ll know or have a peek of the end result of the artwork you did. It’s definitely a plus if you know at least some of it. What is a typical day like for you? A typical day for me would be buried in the computer for a long period of time. As in long, until I can dig a hole in my chair at the office. Its either you search for references for whatever seasoned collection your boss wants you to do, what your mind ticked you to do, or you’re doing promotional item before you knew it. Well, in the place I work in I never had a single day without having a new assignment to work on. What are some related occupations to your profession? As a graphic artist, you can choose which field to specialize in. You can be in the garments, in a printing company, product development division, as photo editor, as a company’s only graphics artist who’ll do their collaterals. There are really so many job opportunities as a graphic artist, as long as it involves photo editing and vectors. Do you see yourself doing the same job till you get older? Yes I do see myself being in the business till I age. I mean, it pays well to people who are experienced, who perseveres and also as long as I feel that being a Graphic artist fulfill my purpose. One thing more, if you really enjoy what you are doing you, you felt the fulfillment in every thing that you do, definitely you will stay on the job your in. What made you decide to pursue this profession? I decided to pursue this because it makes me feel accomplished as an artist, as a designer, as a human being who appreciates art, it makes me feel happy that at the end of the day I know I can make someone feel confident, happy, at-home with their statement with my designs. It’s like I liberated someone from being a fashion victim, because I care for what other people look like, and because its feels great to lift someone up in a different way. I do believe that Fashion is good for the soul every once in a while. A boost of confidence one design might give, getting your message across through the artworks’ you did. It’s all worth-it even though the deadlines are next to impossible sometimes, and the revisions are inevitable, but still I have to go up there because I know in my own way I’m helping other people feel good about themselves. After this interview I had, I have a deeper reason why I should pursue to be a Graphic artist. With all the things my interviewee mentioned, I have a deeper knowledge and appreciation of who I want to be. Whether what field of graphics designing I want to concentrate on. There are really so many choices. I’m sure I can pick out something that I like among it. I know it will take me a lot of hard work, patience, and determination to be able to achieve my goals. In addition to that the job also pays well, I don’t mind being in front of the PC for such a long time, as long as I know that I can express my ideas and thoughts very well thorough the means of designing and I have to agree also with what Mr. Smith told me, that it feels great to make someone better through your work, and that’s really fulfilling as an artist.

Gunsmoke Synthesis Essay -- Television Media TV Essays

Gunsmoke Synthesis Between the years 1952 to 1961, the series Gunsmoke was broadcasted across the nation. The show gave people insight into a past life of men who carried guns, fought for what was theirs, and showed that even the hardest people could be tamed. It was a time when the heroes of the old west started settling down, and in doing so they were either good guys like sheriffs, or they were bad guys that robbed people or places. From the stories of Gunsmoke the central character was a U.S. Marshall named Matt Dillon. He was calm, steady, and easy to talk with. In Gunsmoke we see a man that takes his job seriously, from helping those in need to catching the wanted. The thing about Matt Dillon that catches you is that even though he has a sidekick he does things by himself as if he was trying to make sure that no one else got hurt. For example in "Skid Row" when he went to get Mr. Hordbee, he told no one what he was up to. In the episode "Bloody Hands" Marshall Matt Dillon stopped the two men Mr. Showmen and Mr. Gourd from fighting after he had told Chester, his deputy...

Personal Narrative - Working While Attending College Essay -- Job Work

With the cost of college nowadays, you almost have to be rich to finish without working at least part of the time. When I came to New Jersey from India, I thought it would be easy to get a computer science degree and pursue the career of my choice. It turned out to be much harder than I expected. Working full-time and taking much more than two years, but I have discovered that you can turn the problem of working full-time while attending college into a big opportunity to improve your life. First of all, you have to learn how to live with a double schedule. When I first came to this country, I got a full-time job in a bank. When I began my studies thinking that I would work only part time. Instead, I quickly realized I could not afford to pay my rent and other expense without working full-time. This meant I would have to maintain a forty-hour or more work every week and fit my courses in whenever I could. Luckily, the community college I wanted to attend had an evening program that allowed me to take courses in the evening and weekends. On paper this looked like a good schedule, but I was shocked to learn that I had no time for social activities or shopping, and very little for homework. The first semester I slept only five hours a night and became so tired that I thought I wouldn’t make it. By the end of the first term, I was sure that with enough determination I would reach my goal. A working also has to overcome academic difficulties and make sensible choices. I didn’t... Personal Narrative - Working While Attending College Essay -- Job Work With the cost of college nowadays, you almost have to be rich to finish without working at least part of the time. When I came to New Jersey from India, I thought it would be easy to get a computer science degree and pursue the career of my choice. It turned out to be much harder than I expected. Working full-time and taking much more than two years, but I have discovered that you can turn the problem of working full-time while attending college into a big opportunity to improve your life. First of all, you have to learn how to live with a double schedule. When I first came to this country, I got a full-time job in a bank. When I began my studies thinking that I would work only part time. Instead, I quickly realized I could not afford to pay my rent and other expense without working full-time. This meant I would have to maintain a forty-hour or more work every week and fit my courses in whenever I could. Luckily, the community college I wanted to attend had an evening program that allowed me to take courses in the evening and weekends. On paper this looked like a good schedule, but I was shocked to learn that I had no time for social activities or shopping, and very little for homework. The first semester I slept only five hours a night and became so tired that I thought I wouldn’t make it. By the end of the first term, I was sure that with enough determination I would reach my goal. A working also has to overcome academic difficulties and make sensible choices. I didn’t...

Atlantic Slave Trade: Social and Cultural Impact on the Society Essay

In The Atlantic Slave Trade Herbert Klein attempts to go into great detail of the inner workings of the slave trade: how it came to be, the parties involved, as well as the social and cultural impacts it had on the society. When thinking of the slave trade previous to this class, I would think to myself how low we as a humanity once became, and how many of African Americans were exploited to this awful set of events. After reading the book, those same thoughts still remained, however, due to Klein my understanding of the knowledge gave me greater insight into how complex the slave trade really was. How Portugal was one of the leaders in the slave trade, how countries turned against each other, and how much of the world was involved in this horrific set of events were all news to me while reading. Because of this complexity, no matter how clear the author was, the multitudes of information seemed to overwhelm me through my reading. Herbert Klein organized the book in a way that made all the information very precise, however, with all the numerical data I had a hard time keeping track. â€Å"The Chesapeake became the primary tobacco producer for the world, exporting 38 million pounds by 1700 †¦ holding some 145,000 slaves by 1750 †¦ absorbed 40,000 slaves by midcentury. By 1790 there were an impressive 698,000 slaves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (44). This was all in the matter of a couple of sentences, for myself I could never retain the information that was provided in the first sentence. This quote does however go into precise figures, and is actually well laid out as a whole. Without having a deep prior knowledge though, it is very difficult to follow the what’s all going on. If someone was to read this with prior knowledge of the subject, I’m sure they could weed out a lot of the information and take away more from the book. This book is definitely not for some general educated reader to pickup. It requires a decent understanding of the geography, slight prior knowledge of the subject, as well as the full interest into the subject. â€Å"The first region encountered by the Portuguese as they rounded Cape Bojador and arrived in the western Sudan just south of the Sahara, was the area called Senegambia, which took its name from the Senegal and Gambia Rivers, its two most prominent features† (60). This quote proves as an example, and a simple one at that, that one must know at least where everything is to fully gather the information that is provided in Klein’s book. Without it, one may surely get lost in the reading. Even if a specialist were to read the book, I feel that due to how compact the book is, that they may get lost while reading as well. I don’t feel as though one could read through the book just once and honestly say, â€Å"I understood the majority of the information thro ughout the book,† without getting lost somewhere in the book. Entering this project, nothing really interested me while looking at the end â€Å"Selected Sources† of each chapter. Slavery was the only thing that seemed remotely interesting, not only because it’s such a huge part of history, but also because I didn’t know much about it. I had no clue that so many countries were so directly involved in this business of sorts, that Portugal was the origin of the slave trade, and that the power’s shifted so much in this horrific tragedy that happened in the new world. The book has increased my knowledge of the events that happened during the slave trade, but not necessarily my interest. I never found myself deeply engaged in the book unfortunately, and I found that surprising. I still strongly believe that the slave trade was wrong, but I have neither gained, nor lost interest in it. The importance of the subject is made clear with all the information inside of it. I may not understand every detail as they are going through, but the way the book is organized in a way where the importance of the subject is definitely shown. The importance of the book is to show us readers what the Atlantic Slave trade was all about. The chapter titles, and the information that is reflected in each chapter really shows this. Chapter titles beginning with â€Å"Slavery in Western Development,† and ending with, â€Å"The End of the Slave Trade,† really show how the author wanted to really concentrate on the bigger picture, rather than one specific moment in the Atlantic Slave Trade. Throughout the book, I don’t believe there were any major inconsistencies. I actually felt that Klein went deeper, and was most precise in his book. â€Å"If the slave trade was profitable and the Africans were put to productive use in the Americas, then why did Europeans begin to attack the trade at the end of the eighteenth century and systemically terminate the participation of every European metropolis and American colony or republic in the nineteenth century?† (188). Klein frequently used this strategy of posing a question at the beginning of the chapter, and then answering the same question throughout the rest of the chapter. Using this strategy, any inconsistencies were very infrequent, if none at all. All in all, there wouldn’t be anything in the book that I would need explained more, the author presented the question himself, and provided enough information where I felt he answered the question, and more. Because of how tough this book was to read for myself I probably wouldn’t recommend it to someone who wanted to just read a book. If someone was interested in learning the intricacies, and the numerical data that came along with the Atlantic Slave Trade I would definitely recommend this one. It’s just one of those books that if you don’t have the want, or motivation to read it, then it won’t be enjoyable, and you’ll likely become lost in the plethora of information the book presents.

cubiculum essays

cubiculum essays Cubiculum: the bedroom of a Roman villa The Romans often thought the bedroom as a less important room compared to the rest of the house, even if all the grooming and dressing activities took place there. Thus it became a small room, quite crapped, thanks to the low vaulted ceilings. The average Roman bedroom was about 6 feet wide. The bedroom itself inside was not filled with much furnitures. A bed or a sleeping sofa to sleep on, a chest to put ones belongs, and a little footstool near the bed. The flooring would often be covered in mosaics, in a certain pattern that would eventually led or frame where the bed sits. Some bedrooms, like the ones discovered in Pompeii, would have a bed niche. The windows themselves were even smaller; they usually were three by two feet. And if the bedrooms were on the first floor, the windows would not look at onto the streets, located near the atrium. Yet the room would nevertheless be situated towards the westward side, so that the windows would catch the morning sunrays. If the rays were bothersome, they did have shutters to block out the light and create a more dimmed, night-like environment. Sometimes, there would be a small antechamber in front of the bedroom chamber, where a personal servant would rest there, the antechamber was known as the procoeton. The Roman bedroom was often known to be small and more public compared to the Greek bedrooms. They were often located off the atrium, the entrance hallway, or connecting to the living room, for socializing reasons. They had bedrooms for the members of the family as well as for their fellow guests. The bedrooms during the daytime were used as a place to hold daytime private meetings, a place to have friends over, or to hold a confident business trading. - tcnj.edu/~anchouse/bedroom.html - roman-empire.net/society/soc-house.html ...

Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with

Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with By Maeve Maddox How does one know which of these three idioms to use? Does an undergraduate apply for a graduate program or to it? Does a job applicant apply to a company or with it? The following examples illustrate mistaken use of â€Å"apply for† and â€Å"apply with† in contexts calling for â€Å"apply to†: Winston is applying for the teaching program at Harvard. Interested in applying with the worlds largest retailer? Customer Service Careers | Apply with DISH apply to This is the idiom to use when you are putting yourself forward as a candidate for something such as a course of study, or a job. You apply to graduate school. You apply to a company for employment. You apply to a bank’s loan department for a loan. apply for This is the expression to use if your intention is to obtain something. You apply for scholarship money. You apply for admission. You apply for a job. apply with The word with in this idiom implies agency, the means â€Å"by which† you apply. You can apply with the click of a mouse. You can apply with a printed application. You can apply with a program like Compass, or a service like Monster. The correct usage for the three examples given above: Winston is applying to the teaching program at Harvard. Interested in applying to the world’s largest retailer? Customer Service Careers | Apply to DISH Here are some other uses of the verb apply, with and without dependent prepositions: apply paint to a surface apply ointment to a wound apply oneself to one’s studies apply a cause to a quarrel apply a remedy to a problem apply a rule to a situation apply pressure to a wound apply pressure to a person apply one’s talents apply a patch to a garment Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Difference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"Honorary vs. Honourary

The Best Marketing Campaign Template For Success

The Best Marketing Campaign Template For Success Marketing campaign planning is a complex process. Delivering one consistent message across multiple channels to reach your audience isn’t easy. Without smart strategy and sound processes in place, it can quickly become a disorganized mess. In this post, youll learn how to map out successful marketing campaigns. From planning to execution, you’ll keep everything on track to guide your organization or client toward success. First, we’ll walk through how to build a marketing campaign creative brief, outlining your strategy for client or supervisor approval. Then, we’ll show you how to map out a marketing project timeline for your campaign. Plus, youll get two free templates to make sure you have the tools to put this advice into practice. Grab em both! The Marketing Suite For The Pros Are you looking for an *optimal* way to manage your marketing campaigns? ...a way that doesn't require three different spreadsheets no one other than you uses? ...a way that is *actually* designed to help you manage marketing campaigns (rather than just any old business project)? is that Platform. Here's what makes the best family of marketing tools to help you organize everything you're working on: Manage All Your Marketing Campaigns in ONE Place With the Marketing Calendar, you can create and manage a single publishing calendar that serves as the blueprint for your content, social, email, events, and more - all in one place. Plan Your Entire Content Marketing Strategy The Content Organizer helps your team ideate, plan, create, and publish in one place. Organize your entire editorial schedule while integrating with your blog, email, and social platforms. Overcome Collaboration Hurdles The Work Organizer consolidates team resource planning and project management to help you complete every project on time. Delegate team tasks like a pro, keep a pulse on every project and understand your team’s capacity to keep everything moving forward. Social Scheduling, But Smarter No more disconnected single-purpose tools. Use the Social Organizer to create large-scale campaigns in seconds. Intelligently schedule using Best Time Scheduling, fill out your social calendar via ReQueue social automation, and see your results with social media analytics. ...alright, now let's get to business! Table of Contents Pitching Your Campaign Focusing on 10X Goals Developing Creative Campaign Concepts Establish Your Target Audience Assemble Your Team + Know Your Budget Channel Selection Goals Metrics Mapping Out Campaign Execution Why Spend Time on Marketing Campaign Planning? Quality creative work doesn’t happen by accident. If you’re churning out nothing but ad hoc projects or skipping strategy sessions, then your work is unlikely to impact the bottom line. That leads to budget cuts for your department, making success even more difficult to achieve. When they’re planned the right way, successful marketing campaigns do the following: They connect with your target audience. You should know who you want to reach, and how you want to reach them. They move the needle on your KPIs. You should be producing real results you can measure with actual numbers. They grow your business. Attracting leads and raising revenue are what this is all about. Execution without a plan is just busywork. Busywork doesn’t build businesses or make meaningful careers. Pitching Your Campaign: Preparing a Creative Brief Once you know what you’ll do, how you’ll do it, and who you’ll do it for, it’s time to pitch your campaign to your stakeholders. For in-house (or client-side) marketers, that could mean your boss (or their boss). If you’re at an agency, that’ll mean your clients. One of the best ways to do this is with a well-prepared campaign brief. Here’s what yours should include: Campaign summary: This is a brief description of your campaign’s marketing goals and creative concept. Resources:Â  This is your budget, team members, and projected timeline to complete the campaign. Talking Points:Â  Break down your message into bullet points. Goals + Measurement:Â  This is how you’ll gauge the success of your campaign. Marketing Campaign Timeline: Map out when each piece of your project will be completed. Download the marketing campaign template kit that complements this blog posts to fill in the Word document: Focusing on 10X Goals: Start By Stating Your Objective Without a clear objective, you risk producing directionless work that doesn’t deliver measurable results. You end up spinning your wheels, working hard toward nothing in particular, which is a recipe for burnout and frustration. That’s why every campaign should start with a goal in mind.

Discussion 10- economics-pricing techniques Assignment

Discussion 10- economics-pricing techniques - Assignment Example The iPhone is one of Apple’s products that have value-added features such as smart iPhone, wireless internet communication devices, IPod, PDA, Computer and Camera. The success of Apple products is because the company focuses on adding value to the lives of its customers. The company ensures that it develops valuable commodities for its customers. Apple also creates the perception of scarcity of its products among consumers. Perception of scarcity attaches a value to these products hence making many people want to own Apple products. Apple products also target a particular market segment. This creates a perception of value and quality on every product Apple releases. People want to associate themselves with Apple products because they believe these Products will add value to their lives. Value addition is part of Apple’s business strategy. The best pricing techniques for Apple products is to use decoy prices and high reference prices for its new products. Decoys will ensure that the company wins stocking demands for its products and sells all its decoy commodities at higher prices. High reference prices for new products can ensure success in meeting the sales targets for that particular product. When introducing a new product into the market, Apple should set high references prices for that particular product. However, as the products remain in the market, their prices may gradually reduce. Apple uses pricing techniques such as references prices, branding, obscurity and bundling to remain top of the market (McGuigan, Moyer, & Harris,

Housing & Habitability Swimming Pools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Housing & Habitability Swimming Pools - Essay Example In a case where the lead-based paint has been chipping away for some time, there is already a risk of long-term exposure. However, both long-term and short-term exposure carries considerable health risks. Exposure to lead affects the brain, the central nervous system, and the blood cells. Exposure to high levels of lead can lead to convulsions, coma, and even death. Children and fetuses exposed to lead-based paint can experience delays in physical and mental development, lower IQ levels, shortened attention spans, and increased behavioral problems. In addition, children are more vulnerable as lead is easily absorbed into their bodies, and their developing tissues are more sensitive (EPA). In this situation, the children exposed to lead-based paint in this dwelling should have a blood test to determine their level of lead exposure, and the dwelling should be cleared of lead-based paint by professionals (EPA). The presence of cockroaches in this situation create an additional hazard to the occupants of the dwelling. The antigens released by cockroaches increase the risk to those who suffer from asthma. In addition, cockroaches are carriers of disease-causing germs (AFHH).

Article Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Article Critique - Assignment Example In Keohane’s article entitled â€Å"Imaginary fiends,† he states that there is a discrepancy between the actual decrease in crime rates and the beliefs of the American public regarding crime. Keohane presents arguments that show how the public is both mentally and emotionally made to believe that â€Å"crime got worse in the United States in 2009† (2009). In his article, he presents facts that show how â€Å"we’ve come to believe what we believe† and how the public needs to â€Å"take some steps toward mending our relationship with reality† (Keohane, 2009). Warr’s article entitled â€Å"Fear of Crime in the United States: Avenues for Research and Policy† takes a similar route of argument as Keohane’s. Warr argues that people should know accurate information about the status of crimes because while â€Å"Fear†¦under many circumstances†¦is beneficial†¦under the wrong circumstances, [it] can unnecessarily con strain behavior, restrict freedom and personal opportunity, and threaten the foundation of communities† (Warr, 2000, p.482). ... His article shows the extent of his research regarding the topic. Similarly, Warr’s article utilizes ethos. Firstly, Warr is a known criminologist who has authored several books and articles regarding crime. His background alone can be qualified as valid argument in terms of credibility. Furthermore, his article boasts of extensive research, just like Keohane’s. He presents both quantitative and qualitative analyses coming from various credible government and non-government sources. The only issue, however, could be that Warr’s sophisticated presentation may be a bit hard to follow at first especially for those who are not familiar with the sociology of crime. Keohane uses pathos, or the appeal to the emotions as well. At the onset of the article, he immediately grasps the audience’s attention by saying, â€Å"The year 2009 was a grim one for many Americans†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Keohane, 2009). Immediately, he is able to communicate that his article is something that should interest his target audience --- the American public. He goes on to say that, â€Å"Citizens, though ground down and nerve-racked by the recession, still somehow resisted the urge to rob and kill one another†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Keohane, 2009). This appeals to the emotions because Keohane establishes agreement with an underlying value common among the audience, and at the same time, he paints a positive scenario of the audience. Warr’s article, on the same note, utilizes pathos, but this time by discussing the nature of â€Å"fear.† Fear is a strong emotion and every reader would understand what Warr wants to say in terms of fear of crime. He appeals to his audience’s emotions by making this emotion of fear as one of the main foundations of his argument. Logos, or the

Theory Analysis - Watson's Theory of Human Care Research Paper

Theory Analysis - Watson's Theory of Human Care - Research Paper Example History The Watson’s Theory of Human Care had started taking its form through the evolution of philosophies of Dr. Jean Watson. In 1979 she gave the concept of 10 carative factors of nursing. Since then her theories have undergone several changes, though the salient framework of the theories have remained consistent. The factors mentioned above were based on philosophy, science and the art of caring. Later the concept developed into the idea of clinical caritas meaning the cherishing and appreciating the job and mixed love with the idea of nursing. The concepts were reviewed by the author from time to time in 1985 and again in 1988. She also emphasized on the development of interpersonal help and trust and relationship of care. In 1999 Watson developed the Transpersonal Caring Relation. In this theory she highlighted the potential of the connection that the nurse can establish to care and heal the patient. She also speaks of the subjective concern of the nurse for the patient (Cara, n.d.; Alligood, Marriner-Tomey, 2006, 103-104). Meaning Watson in his Theory of Human Care has emphasized on the connection of the nurse with the patient to build a relationship based on care. For a nurse, she has emphasized on a few qualities like the inclination of the nurse to acknowledge the importance of the patient, the capacity of the nurse to establish a spiritual connection with the patient so that she can feel an union with her patient and to give her patient a comfort to so that his inner healing is promoted. The theory is based on the love and compassion of the nurse. However she has pointed that in the healing process the primary agent is the patient himself and the nurse is a copartner. She has emphasized on a number of factors for the healing of the patient. They are the humane and the altruistic values, the faith and hope of oneself, sensitiveness to others as well as oneself, a relation based on help and trust, free expression of positive and negative emotion s, a creativity to solve the problems in the caring process, transpersonal gains through mutual teaching and learning. The other factors that she has outlines are a social and spiritual environment that supports and protects the patient’s ability to heal the physical and mental state. The factors are based on spiritual as well as existentialist and phenomenological powers (Watson, 1999, p 73 – 75; Butts, Rich, 2010, p 286-287). Use Watson gives an outline of the ethics and morale associated with learning. According to Cara (n.d.) the profession of nursing is slowly losing its goal of caring for the patients and Watson’s theory tries to reinstate that fact. Moreover she emphasizes on the powers of the soul of the patient to help in the healing process and gives a direction to the nurses assist the patient in this process of healing. In this way Watson gives subjectivity to the profession on nursing based on caring that can be applied by all the nurses (Alligood, & Marriner-Tomey, 2006, 103-114; Cara, n.d.). Logical Adequacy In the theory Watson outlines the discipline of nursing based on philosophy. Here the subjective choices of the nurse and the ontological capabilities are of extreme importance. Watson does not denounce the capability of medicines or doctors for the healing of the patient. However she emphasizes the role a nurse can play to help the process. Therefore Watson’s theory of Human Care cannot be refuted based on logical derivations. Generalizabilty Watson’

The editorial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The editorial - Essay Example According to Bay City News, the family has come up with a donation page in order for elicit funds for supporting Rath’s 3 months’ old daughter along with sustenance of the funeral expense. Prior to the tragedy, Officer Peter van Eckhardt stated that the California Highway Patrol officers had heard of a motorcycle speeding on the bridge, but responded at around 4:30 pm. Before long, van Eckhardt mentioned something about the officers receiving reports of a collision on the selfsame bridge. The loss aroused a search effort across different emergency arms of San Francisco. In a bid to rescue the body, the Rio Vista police, Oakley police, a CHP helicopter and the Contra Costa County Fire Protection District and Contra Costa County sheriff’s rescue boats all responded to the scene. Further, a Sig-alert was lifted at about 7:15 pm in response to the very scene. However, the emergency personnel halted the search after trying to pursue the body for up to 2 hours mainly because of the setting sun. At this point they had only come across some of Rath’s gears, though they could not figure out the way to associate the devices with Rath himself. According to Marshall , the crew was to resume the search on the next day. The move by the marine units from Solano, Contra and Sacramento counties to search for Rach’s body reveals how the units are committed to their committed to their patrolling routes. In taking such a step can to citizens serve as evidence that the state wants the very best for them. However, the state needs to adopt approaches that can allow the emergency personnel to be capable of engaging in the search processes even during night sessions. This comes in handy in case of collisions that occur around fast moving rivers. You never know, probably it is because of the directive to halt the search process after 2 hours that made Rath to be found

Theory Analysis - Watson's Theory of Human Care Research Paper

Theory Analysis - Watson's Theory of Human Care - Research Paper Example History The Watson’s Theory of Human Care had started taking its form through the evolution of philosophies of Dr. Jean Watson. In 1979 she gave the concept of 10 carative factors of nursing. Since then her theories have undergone several changes, though the salient framework of the theories have remained consistent. The factors mentioned above were based on philosophy, science and the art of caring. Later the concept developed into the idea of clinical caritas meaning the cherishing and appreciating the job and mixed love with the idea of nursing. The concepts were reviewed by the author from time to time in 1985 and again in 1988. She also emphasized on the development of interpersonal help and trust and relationship of care. In 1999 Watson developed the Transpersonal Caring Relation. In this theory she highlighted the potential of the connection that the nurse can establish to care and heal the patient. She also speaks of the subjective concern of the nurse for the patient (Cara, n.d.; Alligood, Marriner-Tomey, 2006, 103-104). Meaning Watson in his Theory of Human Care has emphasized on the connection of the nurse with the patient to build a relationship based on care. For a nurse, she has emphasized on a few qualities like the inclination of the nurse to acknowledge the importance of the patient, the capacity of the nurse to establish a spiritual connection with the patient so that she can feel an union with her patient and to give her patient a comfort to so that his inner healing is promoted. The theory is based on the love and compassion of the nurse. However she has pointed that in the healing process the primary agent is the patient himself and the nurse is a copartner. She has emphasized on a number of factors for the healing of the patient. They are the humane and the altruistic values, the faith and hope of oneself, sensitiveness to others as well as oneself, a relation based on help and trust, free expression of positive and negative emotion s, a creativity to solve the problems in the caring process, transpersonal gains through mutual teaching and learning. The other factors that she has outlines are a social and spiritual environment that supports and protects the patient’s ability to heal the physical and mental state. The factors are based on spiritual as well as existentialist and phenomenological powers (Watson, 1999, p 73 – 75; Butts, Rich, 2010, p 286-287). Use Watson gives an outline of the ethics and morale associated with learning. According to Cara (n.d.) the profession of nursing is slowly losing its goal of caring for the patients and Watson’s theory tries to reinstate that fact. Moreover she emphasizes on the powers of the soul of the patient to help in the healing process and gives a direction to the nurses assist the patient in this process of healing. In this way Watson gives subjectivity to the profession on nursing based on caring that can be applied by all the nurses (Alligood, & Marriner-Tomey, 2006, 103-114; Cara, n.d.). Logical Adequacy In the theory Watson outlines the discipline of nursing based on philosophy. Here the subjective choices of the nurse and the ontological capabilities are of extreme importance. Watson does not denounce the capability of medicines or doctors for the healing of the patient. However she emphasizes the role a nurse can play to help the process. Therefore Watson’s theory of Human Care cannot be refuted based on logical derivations. Generalizabilty Watson’

Case memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case memo - Essay Example To evaluate the suitability of the new idea, White Appliances limited needs to consider the SWOT analysis for this case objectively. A SWOT analysis will be a useful technique that the company can use to determine its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats before considering the new venture. The technique will enable White Appliances to determine or identify a sustainable niche in the competitive global market. Using the SWOT analysis the company will be able to determine strategies that will make it stand out from its competitors. As a manager of the White Appliances limited, the company has adequate strength to penetrate and establish itself in the new Indian market. The company’s strengths are determined by what the company can do better than its competitor and factors that enable the company to stand out from its competitors. To begin with, White Appliances produces its microwaves from both its Asian and American manufacturing lines. The company markets its microwaves mainly in the American and European markets. Having two manufacturing locations for microwaves will enable the company to penetrate and sustain the Indian market. The company also needs to sustain its old markets while it searches for a new markets, the company can therefore decide to use its Asian production units to concentrate on the new market while the American production unit concentrates on the existing markets. White Appliances has marketed its products successfully in major European and American markets. This implies that the company has a good and reliable market that it can turn to incase the new venture prove to be unpromising. Being able to control the European and American markets has also enabled the company to acquire adequate profits that can be applied in any expansion measure undertaken by the company. The ability to control the American

Design and Implementation of a Single Phase Inverter Circuit Essay Example for Free

Design and Implementation of a Single Phase Inverter Circuit Essay Inverters are used to produce constant or variable frequency AC output from a DC source. These inverters can be used for AC applicatio n like driving an induction motor. Such type of inverters in present world are used largely in renewable energy systems to convert DC to AC, example is a PV system where there is a requirement of such type of inverters which can power AC systems such as an induction motor (IM). It is required to produce a pure sinusoidal waveform for the proper functioning of the IM drive. This can be done by incorporating pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. Technique used in generating a Pulse width modulation is that of the comparison of reference signal which is a sinusoidal waveform as required at the output and a triangular or carrier signal of high frequency. The next section (Section 2) will give a brief detail about the power switches used in the inverters. Section 3 gives the study in detai l of single phase half wave and full wave bridge. In section 4 a detailed discussion about PWM technique is done. This section  also gives the circuit diagram required to generate the PWM using microcontroller. Section 5 shows the development of the swit ching control in details starting from the opto-coupler to the derive circuit. The bootstrap circuit is detailed in section . This is followed by a complete block diagram of the single phase inverter along with its control circuit in section 7. A detailed study on a practical blanking time circuit is done in section 8, followed by the circuit for the opto -coupler and the driver required in the presence of blanking time circuit, this can be seen in section 9. Crasta Francis Austin Movin Page 5 Design and Implementation of a Single Phase Inverter Circuit The next section 10 gives a full circuit diagram implemented in this project to construct a single phase inverter, followed by the actual image of the inverter in section 11. Wiley Sons, 2003 [5] Ned Mohan, â€Å"Power Elect ronics, A First Course†, John Wiley Sons, Inc. [6] EHSANI, M. RAMANI, K. R. 1994. Recent Advances in Power Electronics and Applications . IEEE, p.9 [7] Application Note 9017: Manufacturing Technology of a Small Capacity Inverter Using a Fairchild IGBT . Fairchild Semiconductor. June 2001. p.4 [8] Chong B.: â€Å" Digital Implementation of PWM Generation Circuit and Control for a PV-Converter System†, Laboratory Notes for ELEM 5451 Mini Project Laboratory, University of Leeds, UK, 2012. Crasta Francis Austin Movin Page 56 Design and Implementation of a Single Phase Inverter Circuit [9] Zhang L.: â€Å"Section 2: Power Converters for PV Systems†, Course Notes for ELEC5564M Power Generation by Renewable Sources, University of Leeds, UK, 2011. [10] Datasheet Power MOSFET: â€Å" Design and Application guide for power MOSFET†, Vishay Siliconix, 12 March 2012. [11] J. Holtz, â€Å"Pulsewidth Modulation -A Survey,† IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 39, No. 5, Dec. 1992, pp. 410 -420. [12] Datasheet for TD351 Gate driver: â€Å" Design and Application guide for Advanced IGBT/MOSFET Driver†, STMicroelectronics, 2004.

Reflective Essay on Art and Famous Artists

Reflective Essay on Art and Famous Artists The Olive Trees† by Vincent van Gogh caught my eye as soon as I saw it. Van Gogh has always fascinated me with his dramatic use of color and the thick texture he used while painting. After doing some research, I learned that he painted â€Å"The Olive Trees† in 1890 after voluntarily entering an asylum at Saint-Remy (MoMA). It has been said that van Goghs talent flourished in the last two years of his life while at Saint-Remy. Although he died at the ripe age of thirty-seven, he was a busy man. He created over 200 oil paintings during his life. Some of his most famous pieces are The Starry Night, Portrait of Dr. Gachet, and Irises (Artquotes). â€Å"The Olive Trees† is an oil on canvas painting that measures 28 5/8 x 36† (MoMA). This piece is in the post-impressionist style. Post-impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its lack of emotions. Artists continued to use vivid colors, thick application of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and real-life subject matter (Topofart). The post-impressionist style is seen throughout most of van Goghs works and especially in â€Å"The Olive Trees†. Van Gogh used thick oil paint combined with wide rough brushstrokes to create texture in this piece. This technique called â€Å"impasto† is evident in many of his other works such as â€Å"The Starry Night† (Frank). The subject of the picture is olive trees. These trees could be found all around the asylum he admitted himself to. This painting seems to have a lighter mood than some of the other paintings he completed right before his death. It seems that he, â€Å"found happiness† or something that got his mind off of the deep depression and mental sickness he had. The viewer can see it in this piece by looking at the use of color and dancing lines he used to create a happy, but mellow mood in the piece. This technique can also be seen in his other works such as â€Å"Starry Night†. Not only did he use color and line to lighten the mood of the piece, but he also used shape. Van Gogh painted the olive trees, mountains, and clouds all by using organic shape. This creates a flow of line, mass, and space. By using these effects, van Gogh creates a visual rollercoaster for the viewer to follow. At first glance, the viewers eyes roll from the grass up to the olive trees, and then across the blue colored mountains. By using this flow of line, the painting has a unique balance to it which allows no space to appear empty. The painting seems lively and the olive trees create a mood of dancing across the landscape. Van Gogh created a well balanced atmosphere by using the light colored clouds to balance out the blues used in the mountains. The clouds also help to balance the arrangement of greens he used for the foreground and olive trees. This is called symmetrical balance. I believe van Gogh used this in his work not only create a well flowing piece, but also to get the viewers eyes to move across the painting. By doing this, he keeps the viewers eyes from staring at one section of the painting. Instead, the viewer receives an emotional grasp from the flow of line, color, and texture that the painting offers. Overall, I really enjoy this piece of art. Although it is not one of van Goghs most-known pieces, it is one of my favorites. I tend to go against the grain and choose things that I find interesting instead of going with the â€Å"social norm†. His use of color and texture is what keeps me looking at his work. I think the mood and emotion that he gave off by this painting could not be done with any other color. Obviously van Gogh had a message and an emotion that he wanted to portray in this piece, and I think he conveyed it perfectly. I think van Gogh was conveying a since of hope and happiness from this piece. His use of line and texture creates movement in the painting and a sense of joy. The bright cloud contrasts against the olive trees and seems to brighten the piece not only through color, but emotionally as well. The painting is a joy to look at and will remain that way for a long time to come. Works Cited Famous Vincent Van Gogh Paintings. Artist Quotes Art Quotes Famous Artists Fine Artists. Web. 17 Apr. 2010. . Frank, Patrick, and Duane Preble. Prebles Artforms: an Introduction to the Visual Arts. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson /Prentice Hall, 2009. Print. Impressionism and Post-Impressionism Art Reproductions, Impressionism and Post-Impressionism Paintings. Art Reproductions Oil Painting Reproductions. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. . MoMA | The Collection | Vincent Van Gogh. The Olive Trees. Saint Rà ©my, June-July 1889. MoMA | The Museum of Modern Art. Web. 14 Apr. 2010. . Diego Rivera Diego Rivera was born into a wealthy family in Mexico. From the age of ten, Rivera studied art at the Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City (Biography). He was sponsored to continue study in Europe by the governor of Veracruz (Biography). After his arrival in Europe in 1907, he began to study art with a number of well known artists. A few years later Picasso and Georges Braque began getting world-wide exposure with their new type of art, Cubism. From 1913-1918, he devoted himself almost entirely to the cubist school of art (Arttrader). In 1920, Rivera left France and spent a short time in Italy. While there, Rivera studied frescoes and the popular works from the Renaissance period (Biography). In 1921, Rivera returned to Mexico to start on what I personally believe to be some of his best works. He began to paint murals in auditoriums, schools, and other various government buildings. Most of his art carried political influence which he believed in. Rivera was a communist and his work shared that of his political beliefs and how he felt about the Mexican people. He began to develop his own native style based on large, simplified figures and bold colors. Although his paintings were beautiful, his attacks on the church and political beliefs made him a controversial figure. (Biography). Some of his best known works during this time are: En el Arsenal, Creation, and The Flower Carrier. Rivera painted frescoes in this style for many years up until his death in 1957 (Biography). I chose to do my paper on one of his pieces with a Cubist influence. It was completed in 1912 while he was in France. The artwork is called â€Å"Cubist Landscape†. It is an oil on canvas that measures 25  ¾Ã¢â‚¬  x 35  ½Ã¢â‚¬  (MoMA). I chose this piece of art because it reminds me of my grandmother. She was a quilter, and at first glance, this painting reminds me of a patchwork quilt. Cubism was a huge influence in Riveras earlier career, and this was one of his first works in France. The content of this piece is a landscape filled with trees of different colors and a colorful sky with a mountain in the background. To me, it looks like you are looking at four different paintings that have been sat on top of each other at different angles. The use of the cubism style in this painting is very evident due to not only the name, but the way the object of the picture and background are â€Å"chopped† up and distorted throughout the piece. Rivera used big chunks of dif ferent objects to make this piece so it is not as distorted as the works of Picasso. I believe he did this so the viewer would not lose emphasis on the emotion Rivera was trying to get the viewer to feel. Rivera balanced the painting by using the Cubist style to section the painting out in to different pieces. The eye is specifically drawn to the lighter-green tree in the front. This tree is standing straight while all the other trees are bent and leaning in different directions. By doing this, Rivera made the tree in the front the subject of the piece, and made your eyes be drawn directly to this object. Line also played a role in the emotion and emphasis on the tree. He emphasized the front tree even more by making it more detailed and by giving the trunk of it texture. It stands straight up compared to the other ones to symbolize strength and power. The background of the artwork is where the emotion in the painting is created. The background is colored in a patchwork of the color wheel. Greens, reds, oranges, blues, violets, and yellows are all woven into the background to create a happy mood that surrounds the trees. The other trees also fall into the back ground and are red and blue. I think the added color that surrounds the subject gives the piece a lighter feeling and makes the viewer want to smile. I also like the use of impressionism in the piece. Around the border of the painting, Rivera dashed color on the background to create a meadow-like scene to the piece. The use of different color reminds me of wild flowers swaying in the breeze. He created what the eye would actually see in a meadow by using wide, short brush strokes. The way he painted the background reminds me of the brushstrokes used in â€Å"Impression Sunrise† by Monet. His short brush strokes also give texture and movement to the piece. Short brush s trokes make the piece look soft in texture and give it movement as if there were a breezing blowing through the scene. Overall I really enjoyed this piece of art. Not only did it remind me of my grandmother, but it also gave me a new grasp on the Cubist style of art. I was not a fan of cubism until researching this piece because I did not â€Å"get it†. So many times when viewers see cubism we want to run away because we cannot understand what we are looking at. In this piece Rivera makes it very clear and there is no underlying meaning like some of the other Cubists work. It is direct and straight-forward and that is why I chose it. This piece has caused me to grasp new meaning and understanding of the Cubist style and I will definitely embrace what I have learned. Works Cited Art Trader. Web. 21 Apr. 2010. . Diego Rivera Biography. Biography.com. Web. 21 Apr. 2010. . MoMA | The Collection | Diego Rivera. Cubist Landscape. 1912. MoMA | The Museum of Modern Art. Web. 20 Apr. 2010. . Georgia OKeeffe Georgia OKeeffe was born November 15th, 1887 in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. She grew up most of her life in Wisconsin but moved away to go to the Chatham Protest and Episcopal Institute in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1900. After graduating in 1904, she studied art at the Art Institute of Chicago and at the Art Students League in New York (Georgia). She is well known for her artwork and has won many awards such as the Gold Medal of Painting, the Medal of Freedom, and was presented the National Medal of Arts in 1985 by President Ronald Reagan (Georgia). It is said that OKeeffe revolutionized modern art in both her time and to the present. She painted natural scenes which she vividly portrayed with a close-up view. She used art to convey that nature is as powerful as the widespread industrialization of the period of her time. Georgia OKeeffe married Alfred Stieglitz in 1924 (Georgia). He was a famous photographer who put his wifes work in his gallery. In 1916, Georgias work was first exhibited and this is when her art began to be seen and appreciated. In 1949, OKeeffe moved to New Mexico where her art took on a new dimension. She painted bones and desert scenes which captured the calmness and bareness of the desert (Georgia). During her career as a painter, OKeeffe has mostly been remembered for her abstract style of art. She painted many things you would see in nature. She painted them as she saw them, not has how most would see them. She created her style of art by zooming in on the object and painting things that the naked eye would not be able to see. This was her representation of the flower or other object she was painting. Her style of art has been viewed all over the world and she is one of the most famous American artists to this day. I chose â€Å"Lake George, Coat and Red† to do my paper on because the piece jumped out at me. The painting is oil on canvas and it was created in 1919 (MoMA). This abstract piece is rich in texture and the mood of it warms your heart and lightens your mood. Georgia not only used line to create happiness in her piece, but she also used the bright reds in the background to accent the dark color of the painting. She used red and blue because they contrast one another, and it is a great way to catch the viewers eye. Not only did OKeeffe use red and blues in the painting, she also used greens, yellows, and orange. Im not sure if each color was meant to represent different types of emotions, but it gives the piece a center or â€Å"wholeness† since she used every color. Not only is the color balanced in this piece, but the way she used the value in each hue also creates a centralized feel. Since the subject of the piece is a dark blue, I think OKeeffe used the small white ball in the upper portion of the painting to create a small mass that contrasts the heavy blues she used for the subject. Her use of thick lines and texture also contributes to the balance of the piece and gives the subject a since of flow and gracefulness that draws your eyes from the lower left-hand corner of the piece on towards the upper right-hand corner. The paintings size is 27 3/8† x 23  ¼Ã¢â‚¬  (MoMA). This is an average size piece for her, and I think she used this size to get the viewer to see the painting up close and visually â€Å"feel† the texture and the movement of the piece. Not only did the size of the canvas play a role in how she wanted the viewer to feel, but the medium she used did as well. Georgia OKeeffe used a lot of oil paints to make her art because of the way she could create texture throughout each piece with this medium. She also used oil paints because she could blend each color easily to create the hue she wanted. Scale also played a huge part of OKeeffes work because most of her abstract art is a zoomed-in version of what the eye can see. By using this blown-up scale, OKeeffe can make the viewer feel the emotion of the object. Overall, I think that Georgia OKeeffe mastered abstract art and I will continue to be a fan. She has forever changed the way art will be viewed and will be an inspiration for many artists to come. I would not change anything about this piece because the size, color, texture, medium, and line all play a part in what OKeeffe wanted to portray in this piece. Works Cited Georgia OKeeffe Biography. Lakewood Public Library (Lakewood, Ohio). N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2010. . MoMA | The Collection | Georgia OKeeffe. Lake George, Coat and Red. 1919. MoMA | The Museum of Modern Art. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2010. . Paul Cà ©zanne Paul Cà ©zanne was a French painter born January 19, 1839. He developed artistic interests at an early age and was sent to Paris to study when he was twenty-three. He has often been called the father of modern art, who â€Å"strove to develop an ideal synthesis of naturalistic representation, personal expression, and abstract pictorial order† (Retro). While he was in Paris he studied the works of Monet, Delacroix, and Gustave Courbet (Retro). Cà ©zannes early paintings show little resemblance to his later and more important style. The subject matter is dark and depressing and includes fantasies, dreams, religious images, and a general theme concerned with death (Notable). Most of the work from this era of his life was harshly criticized and was never accepted in any art exhibitions. In the 1870s, Cà ©zanne began to change his style. He started using brighter colors and the religious subjects he once used in his paintings began to disappear (Notable). Cà ©zannes paintings from the 1870s clearly show the influence of Impressionism. He used short brushstrokes characterized by Monet and other early Impressionist to portray what the â€Å"eyes see rather than what the mind knows† (Frank). Some of his most known pieces from this time are â€Å"House of the Hanged Man† and â€Å"Portrait of Victor Choquet† (Notable). In the late 1870s Cà ©zanne moved back to his home in southern France and isolated himself from the art world. He began to create his own style of Impressionism, but he did not exhibit his art for almost twenty years (Notable). Cà ©zannes began to come out of his solitude during the 1890s. In 1895, a large number of Cà ©zannes paintings were shown, and public interest in his work slowly began to develop. By 1904 he was given an entire room at the Salon dAutomne (Notable). Unfortunately he died October 22, 1906 due to natural causes (Notable). Though he died right when he was getting large recognition for his work, Cà ©zanne will be remembered as a front-runner of modern art (Notable). The piece of Cà ©zannes work I chose was â€Å"Still Life with Fruit Dish†. This painting is an oil on canvas that measures 18 1/4 x 21 1/2 (MoMA). According to MoMA, [Still life was an important genre to Cà ©zanne, who made approximately two hundred such paintings over the course of four decades. In â€Å"Still Life with Fruit Dish† he created a shallow, compressed space that flattens the sculptural volumes of dish, glass, and fruit. This painting was a prized possession of the artist Paul Gauguin, who described the picture as an exceptional pearl, the apple of my eye. It was only when he needed money for medical care that Gauguin unhappily parted with it.] I completely agree with Gauguin. This painting is a fantastic example of how Cà ©zanne created his own style of Impressionism. If the viewer were to put Monets work next to it, you could see the resemblance of Impressionism, but he or she could also see both artists personal style difference. Monet was the pioneer of Impressionism, but personally, I prefer what Cà ©zanne did with this piece much more than â€Å"Impression: Sunrise† or â€Å"Water Lily Pond† by Monet. In â€Å"Still Life with Fruit Dish†, Cà ©zanne created most of the lines in the painting with thick, swift brushstrokes in the Impressionist style. Most of the lines in the painting are jagged and not very detailed. The lighting in the piece looks like it is coming from the right and is shining down on the table and the fruit bowl. By using light this way, Cà ©zanne put emphasis on the fruit bowl which is the subject of the piece. Cà ©zanne also positioned the knife to point directly toward the fruit bowl. This guides the viewers eyes from the lower-right-hand corner of the painting directly to the subject. Since this piece is in the Impressionist style, Cà ©zanne painted what the eyes actually see. Impressionists painted what they saw, so there is no underlying meaning to this piece like works of the Renaissance had. The colors Cà ©zanne used give emphasis on the subject. The background is a dark-colored wall. The tablecloth and fruit bowl are both bright white. Though blue is sometimes used to evoke sadness in a viewer, I do not believe Cà ©zanne was trying to create sadness in this piece. The colors he used for the fruits are realistic colors and their greens, yellows, and reds warm the painting dramatically. Cà ©zanne used thick texture in this painting, but it does not create movement or rhythm in the piece like the works of van Goghs did. I think here he used subtle texture just so the painting would not look bland and flat. The texture he used gives character to the fruit as well as the blue background. Overall, I really like this painting and wish I could have a copy in my house. So far it is my favorite painting I have written about. Cà ©zannes realistic proportion, contrast, and use of space also drew my eye to this piece. I like being able to view art and â€Å"know† what the artist wanted you to see and feel. When looking at this painting, I immediately â€Å"got it†. After reading about Cà ©zanne, I have definitely acquired more knowledge about the Impressionist style and gained a new love for his type of art. Works Cited Frank, Patrick, and Duane Preble. Prebles Artforms: an Introduction to the Visual Arts. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson /Prentice Hall, 2009. Print. MoMA | The Collection | Paul Cà ©zanne. Still Life with Fruit Dish. 1879-80. MoMA | The Museum of Modern Art. Web. 25 Apr. 2010. . Paul Cà ©zanne Biography. Oil Painting Reproductions : Museum Quality Art. Web. 25 Apr. 2010. . Paul Cà ©zanne Biography Life, Story, Death, School, Information, Born, House, Time, Year. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Web. 25 Apr. 2010. . Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso was a famous Spanish painter and sculptor who lived from 1881-1973. He is best known for cofounding Cubism with Georges Braque. His father, Ruiz, was an artist and influenced Picassos early works. When Picasso was seven, his father began to give him formal training in drawing and painting (Answers). Ruiz was a traditional artist and instructor who believed that proper training required disciplined copying of famous artwork. Picasso became so preoccupied with art that he put his education second. After only six years of painting, Picassos father realized that his son was more talented than him (Answers). At the age of thirteen, Picasso took an entrance exam to the Barcelona School of Fine Arts. After creating his piece in only a week, he was accepted and began taking classes (Answers). Three years later his father sent him to Madrids Royal Academy of San Fernando which was one of the most recognized art schools in Spain (Answers). Shortly after enrolling at the Royal Academy, Picasso dropped out to move to Paris in the early 1900s. His first masterpiece was â€Å"Les Demoiselles dAvignon† which he created in 1907. It was thought of as being controversial because of its reference to the female body and masked faces he used (Answers). From 1909-1912, Picasso continued to work closely with Georges Braque to create what would be known as â€Å"Cubism† (Answers). Though Cubism is a huge part of Picassos work, the painting I chose has no cubist influence. My artwork is â€Å"Night Fishing at Antibes†. It is a 69† x 114† oil on canvas that Picasso completed in 1939 (MoMA). I chose this piece because I wanted to learn more about abstract art, and because I enjoy fishing. The subject of this painting was based on â€Å"Picassos observation of night scenes off the shore of Antibes in the South of France. Men went out and fished by the light of acetylene lamps; the lights attracted the fish to the surface, where they could be netted or speared† (Lenin). Some say that the painting has deeper meaning that relates to the outbreak of World War II, but after researching the topic heavily, I found that the idea is not for certain. The content in the painting is two fishermen in a boat. One has fishing line attached to his toe, and the other man is about to stab a fish with a spear. Two women are standing on a bridge to the right . One woman is holding a bicycle and eating an ice cream cone. Picasso used symbolism in his paintings, and there must be symbolism in this piece, but after my research, I could not find any concrete answers for why he painted â€Å"Night Fishing at Antibes† this way. Most art critics believe that Picasso painted this piece as a war protest much like â€Å"Guernica†, but he never announced that this was the paintings meaning (Answers). The size of the painting also has to do something with the meaning. This painting is almost twelve feet wide and seven feet tall. If the meaning of the piece is to protest WWII, Picasso created this painting to be the size of a billboard. This would help drive the underlying meaning of the painting and convey what Picasso wanted to say about the war with a bold message. Picasso created a well-lit piece by making the moonlight shine directly down on the water. This contrasts the fish on the right and makes the eyes look directly at it first. The piece is well balanced due to its large, dark background and small space of lightness. The viewers eyes go directly toward the fish on the right not only because of the lighting, but also due to the way Picasso used line. The spear has four straight, thick arrows pointing directly at the fish. This spear also looks like a trident. This could have some time of underlying meaning as well. The spear looks strong and bold. After guiding your eyes up the shaft of the spear, your eyes drift left across the arm of the fisherman. He is scaled much larger than the other fisherman in the boat and his eyes seem to be looking directly at the viewer. No other subjects in the painting are looking towards the viewer except for this fisherman. The spear and the fishermans arm are by far the strongest lines in the piece. They are at 90 degree angles, unlike any of the other lines in the painting. Though the piece is constructed with purely organic shapes, the painting does not convey a since of movement or rhythm. To me the piece seems like a snapshot in time catching everyone off guard. The colors Picasso used in the painting give the piece emphasis on what time of day it is. The viewer can tell the painting is a night scene because of the title, but I believe Picasso painted a night scene for an underlying meaning. Almost every color in the painting is dark except for the water on which the moon shines down on. The dark hues give the piece a cold and sad feeling. Just by the color alone, I can tell that I would not want to be in this scene. I really liked this work when I first saw it, but after doing research I have changed my view of it. Now knowing what was going on in the world at the time, I feel that this painting has a much deeper meaning than what I as young college student can grasp. I will always be a fan of Picassos work, but to be honest, I just do not understand a lot of what he wants the viewer to catch on to. I like the painting, but I am actually disappointed after writing this paper. Personally, I would have rather picked a piece that I could have understood than try to chase down the meaning of this painting. I spent more time doing research on the underlying meaning than I spent enjoying the painting. I felt like I was chasing my tail while doing the report on this piece. Nonetheless, I am still a fan of Picassos and maybe one day the message of this piece (if any) will hit me. Works Cited MoMA | The Collection | Pablo Picasso. Night Fishing at Antibes. Antibes, August 1939. MoMA | The Museum of Modern Art. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . Pablo Picasso Night Fishing at Antibes (1939). Lenin Imports UK Latest CDs, Cassettes, Vinyl , Movie, Art Memorabilia In Stock Art, Rock, Movie Loads More. Web. 21 Apr. 2010. . Pablo Picasso Night Fishing at Antibes (1939). Lenin Imports UK Latest CDs, Cassettes, Vinyl , Movie, Art Memorabilia In Stock Art, Rock, Movie Loads More. Web. 28 Apr. 2010. . Pablo Picasso: Biography from Answers.com. Answers.com: Wiki QA Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 23 Apr. 2010. .

Essay --

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK A journal article Submitted to Dr. David Beach Electronics and Computer Technology Department Indiana State University By Teja Tatini â€Æ' Table of contents: 1. Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2. Virtual Private Network ------------------------------------------------ 4 3. Purpose of VPN --------------------------------------------------------- 5 4. VPN protocols ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 i) PPTP ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 ii) L2TP ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 iii) IPsec ----------------------------------------------------------- 6 5. Modes of operation ----------------------------------------------------- 6 i) AH ( Authentication Header) ------------------------------ 6 ii) ESP ( Encapsulated Security Payload) -------------------- 7 6. VPN security considerations ------------------------------------------ 8 7. Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------- 8 8. References --------------------------------------------------------------- 9 Table of Figures: Fig 1: Traditional leased line network --------------------------------- 3 Fig 2: Basic VPN connection ---------------------------------------... ...ofile, encryption keys and algorithms. 2. Personal firewalls should be installed and configured properly on the client VPN machines to block the unauthorized access to the client. 3. The user should remain aware of the physical security of the machine, in particular when authentication information is stored in the machine. Conclusion: Virtual Private Network provides a means of accessing a secure, private, internal network over insecure networks like external networks and internet. The most widely used technology in VPN is IPsec in most of the business environment to provide secure and safe encrypted data transfer between host and different remotely accessible clients. References: 1. http://info.lib.uh.edu/services/vpn.html 2. http://www.positivenetworks.net/images/client-uploads/jumppage2.htm 3. http://vpn.shmoo.com/ 4. http://www.ipvanish.com/why-vpn.php

The Potential of Medical Marijuana :: Marijuana Medicine Treatment Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world (7). Since it became illegal in 1967 (5), there have been many questions of whether or not it is good for medical purposes. Debates between people that are for and against the use of marijuana in medicine have been heated and in recent years, referendums have been brought up in several states to make it available for medical treatment. Personally, I think that marijuana has the power to be a significant help with certain aliments, however, I think that more research is needed to prove its' medical potential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first people to introduce the healing properties of marijuana, were the Chinese. About five thousand years ago, the people of the plains of Central Asia, just north of the Himalayas, began cultivating the plant. Though it is not exactly certain what cultivation of the plant was for, whether it was for its oil, fiber or medical properties, most experts believe that it was for its fibers. The fiber of the plant is so strong that it can be used to make thick, sturdy ropes. Its seeds also contain oils that can be used as a varnish. In some countries the seeds are used as bird and cattle feed and also in the manufacturing of soap. Something else that you may not know is that the seeds can be roasted and eaten as food. It is actually the flowers of a certain type of the plant that is used for its medicinal and intoxicating property. I say "a flower from a certain type of the plant" because from my personal experience, many people believe that there is only one type of marijuana. Actually, marijuana is such a wild plant, that it easily adapts to any soil and new varieties it then emerge. This is when the plants with the strongest fibers, most superior oils, and a more potent drug content are selected. Only around 1000 B.C., in India and Southeast Asia, when the plant started to grow in that region, the intoxicating features were recognized and appreciated (7).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So when was the plant introduced to the Western Hemisphere? There is archeological evidence that the plant was brought toWestern Europe from Asia at around 1500 B.C., by the Scythian invaders and later reached the Mediterranean region. However, the people of western Europe didn't begin cultivating it as a plant crop in their area until about 500 A.

Participants in the Business Buying Process Essay

Who does the buying of the trillions of dollars’ worth of goods and services needed by the business organizations? Purchasing agents are influential in straight -re-buy and modified re situations, whereas other department personnel are more influential in the new-buy situations. Engineering personnel usually have a major influence in selecting the product components, and purchasing agents dominate in selecting suppliers. Webster and Wind call the decision making unit of a buying organization the buying center. The buying center is composed of â€Å"all those individuals and groups who participate in the purchasing from the decision†. The buying center includes all members of the organization who play any of seven roles in the purchase decision process. Several roles of organization buying: Initiators: Those who request that something be purchased. They may be users or others in the organization. Users: Those who will use the product or service. In many cases, the users initiate the buying proposal and help define the product requirements. Influencers: People who influence the buying decision. They often help define specifications and also provide information for evaluating alternatives. Technical personnel are particularly important influencers. Deciders: People who decide on product requirements or on suppliers. Approvers: People who authorize the proposed actions of deciders and buyers. Approvers: People who authorize the proposed actions of deciders or buyers Buyers: People who have formal authority to select the supplier and arrange the purchase terms. Buyers may help shape product specifications, but they  play major role in selecting vendors. Buyers may help shape product specifications, but they play their major role in selecting vendors and negotiating. In more complex purchases, the buyers might include high-level managers. Gatekeepers: People who have the power to prevent sellers or information from reaching members of buying center. For example, purchasing agent, receptionists, and telephone operators may prevent salesperson from contacting users or deciders. The average number of people involved in a buying decision ranges from about three (for services and items used in day-to-day operations) to almost five (for such high tickets purchases as construction and machinery). To target their efforts properly, business marketers have to figure out: who are the major decision participants? What decisions do they influence? What is the level of their influence? What criteria do they used? When a buying center includes many participants, the business marketer will not have time or resources to each out to all of them. Small sellers concentrate on reaching they key buying influencers. Larger sellers go for multilevel in-depth selling to reach as many participants as possible. Their salespeople virtually â€Å"live† with their high volume customers. Companies will have to rely more heavily on their communications program to reach hidden buying influences and keep their current customers informed. Business marketers must periodically review their assumptions about the buying center participants. Major Influences on Buying Decisions Business buyers respond to many influences when they make their decisions. When suppliers’ offerings are similar, business buyers can satisfy the purchasing requirements with any supplier, and they place more weight on the personal treatment they receive. Where supplier offering differs substantially, business buyers are more accountable for their choices and pay more attention to economic factors. Business buyers respond to four main influences: environmental, organizational, interpersonal, and individual. 1. Environmental Factors Business buyers pay close attention to current and expected economic factors, such as the level of production, investment, consumer spending, and interest rate. In a recession, business buyer reduces their investment in plant, equipment, and inventories. Companies are fears of shortage of key materials are willing to buy and hold large inventories. They will sign long term contracts with suppliers to ensure a steady flow of materials. 2. Organization Factors Every organization has specific purchasing objectives, policies, procedures, organizational structures, and systems. Business marketers need to be aware of the following organization trends in the purchasing area. Purchasing Up Grading: The new, more strategically oriented purchasing departments have been changed, from old-fashion â€Å"fashion departments† with an emphasis on buying at the lowest cost, to â€Å"procurement departments† with a mission to seek the best value from fewer and better suppliers. Some multinationals have even elevated to â€Å"strategic supply departments† with responsibility for global sourcing and partnership. Cross-functional Roles: Most purchasing professionals describe their job as less clerical, more strategic, technical, team oriented, and involving more responsibility than even before. Sixty-one percent of buyers surveyed said the buying group was more involved in new-product design and development than it was five years ago; more than half the buyers participate in cross-functional teams, with suppliers well represented. Central Purchasing: In multidivisional companies, most purchasing is carried out by separate divisions because of their different needs. Some companies, however, have started to centralize their purchasing. Headquarters identifies materials purchased by several divisions and buys them centrally, thereby gaining more purchasing clout. The individual divisions can buy from another source if they can get a better deal; in general, centralized purchased purchasing produces substantial savings. For the business marketer, this development means dealing with fewer and higher-level buyers and using a national account sales group to deal with large corporation. Decentralized Purchasing of Small-Ticket Item: At the same time, companies are decentralizing some purchasing operations by empowering employees to purchase small-ticket items such as binders, coffeemakers, etc. Internet Purchasing: Forrester Research estimates that B2B transactions over the net reached $2.7 trillion in 2004. The move to internet purchasing has far reaching implications for suppliers and will change the shape of purchasing for years to come. Other Organization Factors: Long Term Contract. Business buyers are increasingly initiating accepting long -term contracts with reliable suppliers. Business markets are using internets to set-up extranets with important customers to facilitate and lower the cost of transactions. Their customers enter orders directly on the computer, and these orders are automatically transmitted to the supplier. Some companies go further and shift the ordering responsibility to their suppliers in system called vendor-managed inventory. These suppliers are privy to the customer’s inventory levels and take responsibility to replenish automatically through continuous replenishment programs. Purchasing-Performance Evaluation and Buyers’ Professional Development: many companies have set up incentive system to reward purchasing managers for good buying performance, in much the same way that sales personnel receive bonuses for good selling performance. These systems are leading purchasing  managers to increase pressure on sellers for the best terms. Improved Supply Chain Management: Purchasing executives are increasingly involved in working with marketing and other company executives in building a seamless supply chain management system from the purchase of raw materials to the on-time arrival of finished goods to the end users. Interpersonal and Individual Factors Buying centers usually include several participants with differing interests, authority, empathy and persuasiveness. Each buyer carries personal motivations, perceptions, and preferences, which are influenced by buyer’s age, income, job position, personality, attitudes towards risk, and culture. Cultural Factors Buying factors vary from one country to another. Here are some rules of social and business etiquette that marketers should understand when doing business in other countries.

Honda vs Toyota Essay

The Honda Company was founded by Soichiro Honda . Soichiro Honda was a racer, a businessman, and a manufacturer. But most of all he was a dreamer. He dreamed of a better way of making piston rings, founded a small company, and began production. He dreamed of giving people everywhere an economical form of transportation, and began producing small motorcycles, including one built in 1949 called the D-Type Dream. Soichiro Honda started Honda Motor Company in 1948, at the age of 41. Honda of America Mfg. has been committed to building quality products for their customers and quality communities where their associates live and work. Their Fundamental Beliefs are Respect for the Individual and The Three Joys. The three joys are Joy of Buying, The Joy of Selling and The Joy of Creating  which express Honda’s belief and desire that each person working in, or coming into contact with the company, directly or through or products, should share a sense of joy through that experience. Hondas company principle is â€Å"Maintaining a global viewpoint, we are dedicated to supplying products of the highest quality, yet at a reasonable price, for worldwide customer satisfaction. † Honda Management Policies are Proceed always with ambition and youthfulness, Respect sound theory, develop fresh ideas and make the most effective use of time. Also Enjoy your work, and encourage open communications, Strive constantly for a harmonious flow of work, Be ever mindful of the value of research and endeavor. Honda follows a philosophy they call â€Å"The Racing Spirit†. This philosophy is summarized by Seek the Challenge, Being ready on Time, Teamwork, Quick Response, and Winner Takes All. Honda seeks to minimize waste throughout the entire manufacturing process. This starts with designing production processes, parts logistics, energy management systems and other operations in ways to reduce their impact on the environment. Improving the energy efficiency of Honda factories is the single biggest focus to reduce the environmental impact of its manufacturing operations. As a result, Honda plants are leaders in reducing CO2  and other greenhouse gases. Honda views solid waste generated in their factories as the inefficient use of raw materials. From this perspective, Honda has established a waste management hierarchy at its manufacturing operations with the ideal of producing no downstream waste. The Toyoda Automatic Loom company was founded by Sakichi Toyoda, a prolific inventor, based on his groundbreaking designs. Toyota has a Production System which is steeped in the philosophy of â€Å"the complete elimination of all waste† imbuing all aspects of production in pursuit of the most efficient methods. Toyota Motor Corporation’s vehicle production system is a way of making things that is sometimes referred to as a lean manufacturing system or a Just-in-Time system, and has come to be well known and studied worldwide. This production control system has been established based on many years of continuous improvements. Based on the basic philosophies of jidoka and Just-in-Time, the TPS can efficiently and quickly produce vehicles of sound quality, one at a time, that fully satisfy customer requirements. The concept of jidoka is Highlighting or visualization of problems which is basically the idea that quality must be built in during the manufacturing process. The Just-In-Time concept is basically productivity improvement which means making only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed. Toyota has seven guiding principles. The first principle is honor the language and spirit of the law of every nation and undertakes open and fair business activities to be a good corporate citizen of the world. The second principle is respect the culture and customs of every nation and contribute to economic and social development through corporate activities in their respective communities. The third principle is Dedicate our business to providing clean and safe products and to enhancing the quality of life everywhere through all of our activities. the forth principle is Create and develop advanced technologies and provide outstanding products and services that fulfill the needs of customers worldwide. The fifth principle is Foster a corporate culture that enhances both individual creativity and the value of teamwork, while honoring mutual trust and respect between labor and management. The sixth principle is pursue growth through harmony with the global community via innovative management. The last principle is Work with business partners in research and manufacture to achieve stable, long-term growth and mutual benefits, while keeping ourselves open to new partnerships. Toyotas has for Action Guidelines. The first guideline is take on the challenge of achieving zero emissions at all stages. The second guideline is Business partners are partners in creating a better environment, Cooperate with associated companies. The third guideline is As a member of society actively participate in social actions. The last guideline is toward better understanding actively disclose information and promote environmental awareness. The four basic policies are contribution toward a prosperous 21st century society, pursue all possible environmental technologies, develop a voluntary improvement plan, and build close and cooperative relationships with a wide spectrum of individuals and organizations

No Child Left Behind Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No Child Left Behind Act - Research Paper Example The assessment of the basic skills of the students as well as national achievement standard is the highlight of the act. "No Child Left Behind (NCLB) emphasizes standardized testing to measure improvements in reading, math and the sciences. It consists of four general principles: teacher quality, student testing, scientifically based research and public school choice." (Background: No Child Left Behind). Therefore, the NCLB has been an essential step in elevating the performance of American schools and student with federal oversight and strict penalties for poor performance. The act sets standards by each individual state, rather than a national achievement standard and takes steps in improving the quality of education. According to the educational practitioners, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law has had a sweeping impact on U.S. public school classrooms. "It affects what students are taught, the tests they take, the training of their teachers and the way money is spent on educatio n." (What the No Child Left Behind Law Means for Your Child). In conclusion, the No Child Left Behind Law has been a fundamental development in the educational spectrum of the US and it aims at the overall improvement of the quality of education in the nation.

The American government Its Principles Term Paper

The American government Its Principles - Term Paper Example The government of the United States is today still rooted in these five key principles of government. For instance, citizens of California are practicing popular sovereignty through endeavoring to recall Governor Davis (Ross 52). A debate over limited governance has arisen as the federal regime fights for more freedom to probe the personal lives of alleged terrorists (Ross 52). Bills are being proposed on a daily basis in Congress, which the President has veto power to ensure that federalism, checks and balances, as well as the separation of powers are incorporated in every facet of the Unites States government. The government is separated into three branches that are all governed by this principle. The three branches are the Legislative branch, the Executive branch, as well as the Judiciary branch. The American Constitution itself it governed by these principles, which also works in vice versa. This means that the American Constitution and these principles govern each other. This pa per will discuss the major principles of the American government, such as the rule of law and democracy, among others, and provide and analysis of the pros and cons of the issue making use of sources on both sides. Consent of the governed refers to a phrase of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (Lansford 97). Consent of the governed is synonymous with a political concept where the United States’ government moral right or legitimacy to apply state power is only legal and acceptable when founded on the society or people over which that political power is executed. The concept of consent, in the United States, was always compared to the divine right of rulers and has always been invoked against the authenticity of colonialism. Thinking in a similar way to that of English philosopher John Locke, consent of the governed dictates a nation be established upon the consent of equal and free citizens is a country of happiness

Are citizen journalists and bloggers real journalists What does it Essay

Are citizen journalists and bloggers real journalists What does it mean to be a real journalist - Essay Example Due to introduction of technologies that are digital in nature, individuals have unrestricted access to various tools of production and distribution. Citizen journalism is a field that consists of reviews regarding a particular motion picture that are generated by individuals and then submitted all over the internet and it even comprises of news that are based on wikis (Poynter 414). Currently a conflict between traditional journalism and citizen based journalism has been taking place, though this conflict can result in an evolution of journalism through the internet. The profession of journalism has not experienced tremendous amount of alterations, but it has experienced certain kind of expansion. Traditionally, journalism used to be conducted in a linear manner, nowadays; journalism has become more connected and networked (Peters 95). Karp states that journalism in traditional era used to be conducted by a few individuals, today it is conducted by a huge number of people (Coombs, 2013). Under certain situations, there is hardly any difference between both traditional and citizen journalism, an in-depth analysis reveals that there are several aspects that differentiate between traditional and citizen journalism (Siapera 108). One of the underlining difference between two forms of journalism is that, professional journalist are paid for all the work they perform, while the citizen journalist might be doing their form of journalism as a hobby or they may get paid in accordance to the number of visitors or the number of viewers they have attracted (Anderson 124). When academic journalist are conducting research, they use the views and opinions of the common population (citizens) in order to create and prove that their findings are objective in nature and they were not biased towards the subject matter or the issue (Herbst 122). Blogging is even considered as a professional or valid type of journalism as in this

Visual Arts - Visual Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Visual Arts - Visual Project - Term Paper Example They symbolize moments in history when people held their ground in the face of violence and great danger. They are images that affected people all over the world deeply and made them rally together to prevent such happenings in future. They are images that inspired people in the past and continue to do so up to now. Fig.1: Burning Monk Fig. 2: Napalm Girl. This photo depicts Tibetan monk Thic Quang Duc self-immolating in 1969. He set himself on fire in protest of South Vietnam’s persecution of monks. Thic maintains the calm and meditative lotus position throughout the entire ordeal. He does not move or make a sound. The sacrifice, strength and courage to perform such an act is remarkable. The ethical perspective here is demonstrated in the difficult act of taking one’s own life to make a point to the government. The fact that the monk does not express any pain or agony like a normal human is what makes this image stand out from a critical perspective. The man sits calml y and meditatively yet he is on fire. Culturally, Buddhists monks have performed such acts of self-sacrifice in protest of government treatment. The shocking and memorable nature of this photo ignited worldwide interest in the government’s treatment of Buddhists. The government took steps to treat Buddhists fairly so that worldwide condemnation would stop. The next photo depicts people running away from a village in Vietnam after a napalm attack by soldiers. The girl survived by removing her clothes which were on fire. She survived the horrible burns and lived to tell her story. She brought home the reality of the Vietnam War and the suffering people were enduring, helping bring an end to it. Fig. 3: Ernesto Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara’s image is one of the most famous, adored and recognizable in the world. The Argentinian rebel campaigned for socialism as a means of bettering peoples’ lives. In this image, he emanates strength, courage and leadership. T he photo became famous after Che was brutally executed while fighting as a rebel. On critical observation, the nature of the photo gives it the air of confidence that makes it so famous and popular. Che looks roguishly handsome in the photo. He radiates an almost unreal persona. He is wearing the rebel hat of choice; the beret. The combination of the beret and the leather jacket make him not only a political rebel, but also a social rebel. The photo gained worldwide appeal due to its charming and heroic nature. The juxtaposed photo, taken by the Bolivian government, depicts a dead Che. Even in death, he looks reposed and relaxed, with a peaceful, almost Christ-like, demeanor. He is surrounded by people who seem eager to confirm that he is indeed dead. The photo was released to prove that he was indeed dead, and to try to counter his public image. Che’s execution in Bolivia in 1967 made him a historical worldwide martyr and his image a symbol of revolutionaries everywhere. His execution did the opposite of what the government intended; instead of silencing him forever, it turned him into a people’s champion, ensuring his immortality. This image represents the ability of human courage to surpass even the grave. It shows that even though the government may kill you if you go against their wishes, your actions will live on in peoples’ memories. Fig. 5: Hector Pieterson Fig. 6: Palestinian Woman and Soldier This photo represents the 1976 Soweto uprising in South Africa. Police opened fire on school